GREAT NEWS !

CO2 to ETHANOL

Scientists at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have developed an electrochemical process that uses tiny spikes of carbon and copper to turn carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into ethanol. “We discovered somewhat by accident that this material worked,” said ORNL’s Adam Rondinone, lead author of the team’s study. “We were trying to study the first step of a proposed reaction when we realized that the catalyst was doing the entire reaction on its own.”

The team used a catalyst made of carbon, copper and nitrogen and applied voltage to trigger a complicated chemical reaction that essentially reverses the combustion process. With the help of the nanotechnology-based catalyst -- which contains multiple reaction sites -- the solution of carbon dioxide dissolved in water turned into ethanol with a yield of 63 percent. Typically, this type of electrochemical reaction results in a mix of several different products in small amounts. “We’re taking carbon dioxide, a waste product of combustion, and we’re pushing that combustion reaction backwards with very high selectivity to a useful fuel,” Rondinone said. “Ethanol was a surprise -- it’s extremely difficult to go straight from carbon dioxide to ethanol with a single catalyst.” The catalyst’s novelty lies in its nanoscale structure, consisting of copper nanoparticles embedded in carbon spikes. This nano-texturing approach avoids the use of expensive or rare metals such as platinum that limit the economic viability of many catalysts.

Report's full text, published on September 23th, 2016, here :
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/slct.201601169/full
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Ethanol's production process could be supplied with low-cost power, produced out of water, by an Autonomous Stoichiometric-Oxy-Hydrogen (SOH) Power Plant ( https://powerplant.alle.bg ), at a cost, close to zero. Thus the Ethanol fuel's final retail price will be times lower than any other.
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NOTE : The Intellectual Property of the Technologies, described in this Website, is an exclusive ownership of Grainis ltd. Hydrogen Bulgaria, based on a Know-How Agreement, governed by the Laws of the Republic of Bulgaria ( art. 587(1-9) of the Bulgarian Commercial Code).

Our work is in a full compliance with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals .

Modified Oxy-Hydrogen (MOH) Gas Fuel - the Ideal Clean Fuel, Energy & Hydrogen Storage of the Future

Here is a short presentation of several scientific discoveries and inventions, made by the research team of Grainis ltd. Hydrogen Bulgaria, during it's R&D work since 2005, on low-cost generation of Hydrogen and Stoichiometric Oxygen-Hydrogen / SOH (OH, HHO, Brown's Gas) fuels, by a special method of low-power-consuming ( 0.4Wh/L / 0.9kWh/kg OH, ~12.3kWh/kg Pure Hydrogen / H2 ), Modified Water Electrolysis.
The 0.4Wh/L SOH power-consumption result, is about 10 times lower than the regular power rate of all the mass-produced SOH Gas Generators across the world today.

TECHNOLOGY EXPLANATION.

If you switch on the power of a simple electrolysis cell, you'll see how lots of gas bubbles start to come immediately out of the electrodes.

But when you SWITCH OFF the power, you'll see a little DELAY - for about a second, of the gas-bubble production's cessation.

THIS SECOND is our profit.

There is no power coming from external source at all, but the gas production goes on, thanks to the previously "charged" electrodes.

Our method uses the unique property of the electrode plates in our electrolysis cell, to be POLARIZED, or "Charged" with Chemical Concentrated Polarization for less than a millisecond, creating an Internal Galvanic Element (a kind of a Battery), by application of a special super-critical, pulse-peak current modulation, produced by combined Pulse-Width Modulation, Pulse-Switch Modulation and Peak-Current-Modulation Electronic Devices.

A short, high-frequency peak-power Overvoltage impulse is aplied to the plates for less than a millisecond, then the power is being SWITCHED-OFF, but the SOH Gas production GOES ON for about 100-200 milliseconds ahead, thanks to the previously "charged" (polarized) Cell's electrode plates, during the powered part of the cycle.

The cycle of these pulses repeats several times per second.

So for a large part of the process time, we produce SOH Gas actually WITHOUT any external / extraneous power supply, but thanks to the Internal Polarization of the Plates, and the Internal Galvanic Element created thereby, supplying the SOH Gas production with power for a tiny part of the second, in the tiny intervals of time, without any external power supply.

Here is a page with a more detailed description of the complex processes, happening in a water-electrolysis cell.

https://fuels.alle.bg/electrode-polarization/

That's where this great economy of power supply ("Overpower") in our technology comes from.

There is absolutely no violation of any physic's law here and no perpetual motion at all, because we don't produce more energy than we apply.

The complexity of the electrolysis cell's pulsing and on/off-switching current and frequency-modulated power supply, are the reason and obstacle for precise measuring with digital instruments the cell's specific electrode potentials, which vary in wide range between -0.5eV -1.7eV and wider, depending on the specific conditions for the moment.

That is why we use osciloscopes, or analogous instruments, calibrated by osciloscopes.

This cell was tested hundreds of times for the last few years, by us and by our Guests - Engineers, Scientists, Interested Investors, visiting us from around the Globe.

The Stoichiometric Oxygen-Hydrogen (SOH) Gas has the lowest own flame temperature - only 140 deg.C, but it can heat, melt and boil-up various refractory materials called UHTC, as ZrO2, ZrC, Ta4HfC5, etc., up to ultrahigh temperatures (>6,000 deg.C - 3 times the Hydrogen flame's temp).

SOH Gas can also weld various incompatible materials together, as steel with ceramic, glass with ceramic, different ceramics and carbides together, etc. ( see Chapter Basalt-Fiber Composites / BFC below )

The reason for this extreme behavior is that the SOH gas is electrically conductive, or it is Ionized Gas (Cold PLASMA).

AUTONOMOUS SOH-GAS-POWER AND MOH-GAS-FUEL PLANT
Combining both highly-effective properties - the Low-power water electrolysis and the Ultrahigh heating, performed by the SOH's gas-plasma flame, the Grainis' team invented and designed a unique Autonomous SOH Gas-Power Plant and a MOH Gas-Fuel Plant, consuming only water.

The only waste is clean water too. Zero harmful emissions emitted. 100% clean and renewable power and fuel generation.

Power, heat (cold) and fuels' production, based on this method, is extremely cost-effective.
The Autonomous SOH Power Plant can also produce Fuel Cell - quality Pure Hydrogen and Oxygen at a cost, close to zero.

The ultrahigh-temperature property of the OH gas is widely used today in various high-temp clean-welding and heating applications. It is also perfect for full-blast high-temp combustion, total destruction and de-activation of all kinds of wastes, incl. hazardous ones. Combustion process can be combined with parallel power and clean-fuel generation.

MOH / Ohmasa Gas.

Grainis ltd. was also involved in researches of a special kind of Modified Oxygen-Hydrogen (MOH) Stoichiometric Gas Mixture, produced by an additional, Ultrasonic Activation of the electrolyte, in the process of water electrolysis. The result was a new gas generation, with new amazing properties.
Unlike the regular Oxy-Hydrogen (OH), the new Modified OH gas (MOH) can be safely compressed, liquefied, filled and stored for years in standard CNG and LNG bottles and tanks. Also, MOH can be injected directly and can burn as a single fuel in all kinds of Internal Combustion Engines ( ICEs ), Gas Turbines, Jet and Rocket Engines.

MOH gas is low-flammable, cannot be ignited by a spark, and no drawbacks as leakage, permeation, diffusion and embrittlement have beeen observed at all, as it happens usually with the pure hydrogen.
MOH is a highly dense fuel - 1m3 of liquid MOH contains 2.5 times more kg of hydrogen (167 kg) than 1m3 liquid hydrogen alone (70 kg) !
All these properties make this gas an ideal fuel.
A similar gas was patented as "Ohmasa Gas" in 2011 by the outstanding Japanese scientists Dr. Ryushin Omasa.

Patent : http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20110139630#ixzz3LOxSiPwy
Video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUPE0Z9V82E

The main difference between our MOH gas and the Ohmasa Gas is, that unlike the Grainis's low-power method, allowing off-grid power supply, the Omasa's gas production is GRID-powered, which makes it's cost extremely high.

Instead of being an ideal fuel and a perfect energy storage, MOH gas is also a Safe Storage for Pure Hydrogen, used as a fuel for Hydrogen Fuel Cells power generation. Pure Hydrogen and Oxygen can be easily extracted out of compressed or liquefied MOH (LMOH) gas, on-board, on-demand, and separated by a simple molecular sieve, then applied for Electric Power Generation, using Hydrogen Fuel Cell.

This way the expensive, heavy and dangerous 700-bar compressed-hydrogen Type-4 Tanks, used in the FCEV cars as Toyota Mirai, Honda FCV Clarity, Hyundai Tucson, etc., could be replaced with safe 1-bar-compressed Liquid-MOH tanks.

Instead of being safe, MOH is 100 times cheaper than the hydrogen - $0.10/kg MOH vs $10/kg H2.

Instead on-board application, MOH-Hydrogen Fuel Cell power generation could be used for compact and noiseless on-land-stationary power&heat&fuel generation options too - see the picture below.

Pure Hydrogen, produced by an Autonomous OH Power Plant, can be also used as a valuable feedstock for traditional Hydrocarbon Fuels' production as Diesel, Gasoline, Ethanol, Methanol, Methane, LPG, DME, etc., and chemical raw materials as Ethylene, Propylene, Fertilizers, etc. products, using the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Cycle, at an extremely low cost.

MOH GAS IC-ENGINES FUEL APPLICATIONS.

MOH GAS can be used as a sole fuel, as it is, for combustion in various Internal Combustion Engines.

500kWe (350kWnet) MOH GAS FUELED POWER GENERATOR.

MOH-GAS FUELED GAS-TURBINE POWER GENERATION

The MOH Gas could be used for direct-injection fueling of various IC Engines and Gas Turbines.

Gas turbines perform the best power-to-weight ratio.

Here is a picture of such a Gas Turbine :

As seen on the picture, a 4,000 horse power gas turbine is sized only 1.3 x 1 x 0.9 m - a similar size as a standard IC Engine ( which however is 40 times less powerful ).

Of course, this high power will require a lot of MOH gas fuel, but fortunately, our MOH technology offers an abundant and unlimited source of an extremely dense fuel, produced out of water, at a very low cost.

For comparison, Hydrogen Fuel Cells are Expensive, Large and Heavy (6kg/kW), with short lifespan ( 20,000 hrs for Ballard and Horizon / HES ).

Gas-Turbines are Cheaper, Compact, with best weight-to-power and size-to-power ratio, and with Unlimited Lifespan.

They can be used both for onboard Power Generation and driving Electric Motor(s), or just by mechanically transmitting the Turbine Shaft's Rotation directly to the wheels, through a regular Gearbox .

The MOH Gas Fuel these turbines use, is 100 times cheaper than the H2.

MOH can be compressed much more safely (200bar) and liquefied much more easily, at a much higher temperature (1bar/-178deg.C) than the H2 (-253deg.C) .

MOH doesn't perform extreme and dangerous Leakage, Permeation, Diffusion and Embrittlement as the H2 does.

All the above mentioned facts show, that MOH is a much better fuel and energy storage solution than the pure Hydrogen.

The MOH-Fueled, Gas-Turbine technology is very suitable for application in Powerful Vehicles as Trucks, Locomotives, Boats/Ships, Airplanes.

Here is an example diagram of a Gas-Electric Semi-Truck, with a Gas-Turbine Power-Generator (GTPG), fueled by Liquid MOH (LMOH) Gas, stored in 3 x 300L LNG bottles. Electric power, produced by the GTPG, feeds two powerful electric motors, which drive the truck.

With this volume of LMOH loaded onboard, the semi-truck could run more than 3,000 miles.

Also, this truck could be used as a Stationary Power / Heat Plant, if needed (in case of emergency or else).

Gas Turbines could be even smaller :

This is a small Japanese Gas-Turbine-Generator, 500W power, created for robot, drone, etc. applications. Only one rotating part. Could be scaled up to 30, 60, 100kW and more, by enlarging the size 5, 10, 15-fold, to be used as a Direct or Pneumatic Powertrain, or as Electric Generator in Cars and else vehicles or stationary power generation equipment. Could be fueled by MOH Gas at a cost, close to zero. Could be much cheaper for purchase and maintenance, lightweight and none-dependent on the climate/temperature conditions than the Fuel Cells. http://newenergyandfuel.com

https://www.ecojetengineering.com.au/

This kind of a super-compact fueling and propulsion option can be applied in various aircraft as drones, flying cars, airplanes.

For example, a drone, driven by a compact gas-turbine, fueled by liquefied MOH (LMOH) Gas, could fly for several thousand miles with a half ton load, with a single charge with 200 liters of LMOH .

MOH-SEEBECK GAS-ELECTRIC ENGINE-GENERATOR for CARS, HOUSEHOLDS and BUSINESSES

The MOH-Seebeck Thermal-Power Technology is based on the ultrahigh-temperatures performed by the Stoichiometric Oxygen-Hydrogen Gas Composition's gas-plasma flame, while heating some ceramics, as ZrO2, Ta4HfC5, etc., called UHTC, up to their melting and boiling point . https://watercar.alle.bg

A small, compact, 20-40-foot Container-sized MOH Gas Refinery / Fueling Station, based on the Seebeck's-TEG power-generation technology, could be installed everywhere and supplied by a water source, for non-stop MOH Gas production.

COAL-TO-GAS CONVERSION of Coal-Fired Power Plants to burn Clean SOH Gas Fuel

Coal-Fired, and many other Fossil-Fuels-Fired Power Plants around the globe, were recently been prepared for phasing out, mainly due to their air-polluting and greenhouse-gas global warming effect .

However, all these facilities are consisted of extremely expensive and valuable equipment for million dollars and if we could offer a sustainable way for replacing their polluting fuel with some 100% clean and renewable one, we could save these assets and go on using them for long years ahead.

Fortunately, our team offers such an option, by introducing the Stoichiometric Oxygen-Hydrogen (SOH) Gas Mixture as the best possible alternative to the fossil fuels.

SOH is being produced on-site, out of water, by a unique low-power technology, at a cost, close to zero.

Every Fossil-Fuel-Fired Power Plant and also Hydro and Nuclear, could be converted on SOH Gas Fuel, for not only Combined Power & Heat Generation, but also for producing Universal Clean Fuel - the Modified OH (MOH) Gas, or Basalt-Fiber Composites ( https://basalt.alle.bg ), or else highly demanded product.

Thus the newly-converted Power Plant will generate times larger incomes than during its fossil past. https://coal-to-gas.alle.bg

Basalt-Fiber and Composites Production, SOH-Gas - Assisted.

Another amazing application of the ultrahigh-temperature performed by the SOH Gas, is the thermal-shock Basalt Rock Mining; 1,400 deg.C-melting; drawing 10-micron-thin, continuous Basalt-Fibers ; weaving the fibers into fabrics, ropes, sleeves, etc., welding the fabrics' fibers together by the help of the SOH Gas again, into a super-strong, super-lightweight and super-cheap "Bone Structures", and production of various kinds of Basalt-Fiber Composite (BFC) panels, boards, profiles, pipes, etc. assembly-modular elements, out of this bone structure material ( https://basalt.alle.bg ). These elements will be perfect for building highly-affordable assembly-modular houses ( https://passive-house.alle.bg ) and else low-cost buildings, roads ( https://flyroad.alle.bg ), bridges, tunnels, pipelines, ocean platforms and artificial islands ( https://floatland.alle.bg ), etc. BFC could be also 3D-Printed for creating unique shapes, which are impossible to be produced with else technologies.

BFC DOMES - https://dome.alle.bg

Basalt-Fiber Composites will be the basic material of the future, for various structures - from machines to homes, skyscrapers and even Giant Space Structures, out of 3D-Printed Basalt-Fiber-Composite (BFC) Elements, delivered from the Moon (which is 2/3 made of Basalt). Supplying the basic structural BFC material for Space and Planetary Stations, Spaceships, etc., from the Moon will be many times cheaper than supplying the same from the Earth. Mankind will need to search for Earth 2.0 Colony Option as a backup against possible global-destruction disaster, and the BFC Technology is a perfect solution for such a task. spaceship.alle.bg

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Universal Clean Fuel out of Wind and Water

Our MOH Gas Technology allows all Wind, Solar, Hydro and even Nuclear Plants to be turned into Clean-Fuel Refineries.

With the help of our Basalt-Fiber Composite Technology, we can build low-cost Floating Platforms, to be deployed at the windiest locations in the middle of the ocean, and to produce non-stop MOH Gas Fuel, which will be then compressed or liquefied, and pumped in CNG or LNG tanks, and shipped anywhere across the world.

No cables needed, all the production will be done on the Platform, using its own energy, produced by a SOH Power Plant, consuming only seawater.

The profit from the fuel produced will be a hundred times higher than the profit, coming from the sold power.

For example, if you sell the Solar Power produced at $0.10 per kilowatt-hour, now you'll be able to produce 4 kilograms of MOH Gas with the same 1kWh power, and to sell these 4 kilos for $10, or 100 times more !

AMMONIA is a perfect Hydrogen storage as well.

Our SOH Gas Technology for Ammonia production by capturing Nitrogen from the Air and Hydrogen from Water with low-cost supplying all the heat and power needed, allows a very low cost of the end product to be achieved,

There are numerous methods for high-effective and low-cost storage of Ammonia, in Salts for example, because most of the salts dissolve perfectly in liquid Ammonia and after crysralizing and drying we could have a very convenient Ammonia and Hydrogen Storage in the form of Pellets, Pills or Granules, which needs no pressure at all, to be kept stored on-board vehicles, for example.

We can extract by moderate heating, out of the granules, and use, both the Ammonia itself , as a perfect direct-injection clean (zero-carbon) Fuel for IC Engines, or we can further extract by a higher-temp heating (450 deg.C) the Hydrogen content from the Ammonia and use it in Hydrogen Fuel Cells for on-board, on-demand Power Generation.

Hydrogen Airships, Stratospheric Satellite Platforms

Pure Hydrogen, extracted out of liquefied or compressed MOH, could be used also as the best lifting-power agent.
A new technology makes this kind of hydrogen's application completely safe and reliable.
Hydrogen gas is pumped into small (2.3*2.3*2.3 ~12m3) cubic modular containers, easy for manual handling, made of strong, ultra-thin and lightweight Graphene or Carbon-fiber composite skin, flexible enough to expand or shrink regarding the atmospheric pressure. Each container of this type will produce about 10kg lifting force.
An airship, filled with thousands of such containers, all, or some of them connected in a grid, and controlled by a computer board, could be an ideal aircraft for shipping heavy loads and passengers.
Airship's propulsion gas-turbine engines could be fueled by MOH or pure Hydrogen, or by electric power, generated on-board by Hydrogen Fuel Cells.

Except Airships, Hydrogen-Containers could be used for lifting up and keeping aloft for years, Stratospheric Satellite Platforms, up to 50 km altitude. They will cover over 1 Million km2 of Earth's territory with services as high-deffinition Telescope/camera Surveillance, TV/Radio and GSM/Telecom Re-translation, HD-GPS "See Behind Curve", Hi-Alt Rocket Launchpads, etc .
More info here : https://solargas.alle.bg/hydrogen-airship , https;//spaceship.alle.bg

Airborne Urban Traffic "FlyRoad" System

Hydrogen-filled Hermetic Graphene Modular Containers could be used also as an assisting lifting force for an entirely new and futuristic urban and intercity transportation, parking and bridge "Flying Road" system, elevated 50-300 m up to the sky. https://hytube.alle.bg

Additional tilt-rotor Electric Propellers will assist for adjusting the exact level of altitude and position of all the structure.

Propellers could also work as power-generating wind turbines in the low-traffic hours.

FlyRoad system will be modular, built by separate elements, made of Basalt-Fiber, "Bone-Structure" Composites - 3 times stronger, 3 times lighter and 20 times cheaper then the Steel - https://basalt.alle.bg .

The power for driving the propellers will come from PV solar panels fixed along the system's roof, and/or from an Autonomous OH Gas Power Plant. Except the main Road, Hyperloop and Parking functions, the System could be also used as a Solar and Wind Power Plant, producing power and MOH fuel for the filling stations, installed on the System, or as a small helicopter & electric-aircraft / drone launchpads, and also for urban lighting, GPS / surveillance, telecommunication, cable & pipe infrastructure, hydroponic farming, advertisement / entertainment area, etc.

This system will be anchored to the land with steel ropes and controlled by computers for its best interaction with the winds, raining, snowing, etc. atmospheric processes.

System will be built by separate smaller modules, each one acting as an independent airship, which could be detached off the main structure and landed down on ground in case of any kind of emergency, repair needs, etc.

This system will be much cheaper for building and maintenance than a traditional on-land road, considering the price of the land, massive earthworks, road pavements and infrastructure, occupied land, impossible for new roads construction, etc.

Large water area or rough terrain surfaces could be easily bridged over, using this system.

EXPLORING ANTARCTICA

Our SOH Gas Technology offers a Zero-Waste Opportunity for Giant-Magnitude Ice- and Rock-Melting, and Clean Mining under the 2km-thick Ice Sheet on the Antarctic Continent.

Also, we can build Floating BFC-Platforms, Islands and Archipelagos in the South Ocean High Seas, under the 60deg. Parallel South, for various Industrial activities. https://antarctic-mining.alle.bg

APPLICATIONS of the MOH Gas.

- Autonomous, Water-Fueled Plants for individual, Off-Grid Power and Heat (Cold) supply of households and businesses / industries, 10kW-200,000kW Power per module, https://powerplant.alle.bg

- Clean-Fuel Refineries for production of Compressed Pure Hydrogen and Liquefied MOH Gas Fuel for Vehicles, for containerized worldwide export, https://fuels.alle.bg
- Hydrogen Power & Fuel Generator for households, small or larger businesses, https://hydrogen.alle.bg
- Hydrocarbon Fuel Refineries for production of clean synthetic Diesel, Gasoline, Methane, Ethanol, Methanol, DME, Ethylene, Propylene, Formaldehyde, etc., out of atmospheric air and water, based on the Fischer-Tropsch Cycle, https://fuelsynthesis.alle.bg
- Coal-to-Gas conversion of Coal Power Plants to burn clean and cheap SOH Gas. https://coal-to-gas.alle.bg
- Water Desalination / De-Ionization / Purification Plants for turning seawater into 100% fresh drinking water at a zero cost, https://desert.alle.bg
- Water-Condensing Plants for capturing water vapor from the atmospheric air in deserts and arid places, https://desert.alle.bg
- Water-Pumping Plants for deep-well water pumping and irrigation of vast desert territories, https://desert.alle.bg
- Hydroponic Vertical Farms for 20 ( TWENTY ! ) Crops per year food-plant multi-floor hyper-intensive growing, https://zero-hunger.alle.bg
- SOH Gas fuel / heat supply for Basalt Fibers and Basalt-Zirconia ultra-strong, ultra-lightweight (3 times stronger and lighter than steel) and ultra-cheap Fiber-Composites, https://basalt.alle.bg ,https://passive-house.alle.bg
- Basalt-Zirconia Plants for production of Modular Elements for Assembly Houses, Roads, Pipelines, Towers, Ships, Machine bodies and parts, etc. Structures, https://basalt.alle.bg
- Basalt-Fiber Composite (BFC) Floating Platforms for Floating Cities - https://float-colony.alle.bg , and for Wind-Powered MOH-Gas-Refineries - floaturbine.alle.bg

- Mastering & Exploring Antarctica - Zero-Waste Mining, SOH-Gas-Assisted Ice&Rock Melting - https://antarctic-mining.alle.bg

- TransPolar Sea Route SOH Gas Ice-Melting Technology giant-magnitude application - https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/transpolar-sea-route-soh-gas-ultrahigh-temp-hydrogen-rd-manager/

- Smart Cities of the Future - BFC-modular, Air-Elevated FlyRoad / Street Grid, Dome Structures, MOH-Gas FlyCars, SOH Gas Waste Incinerators https://smartcity.alle.bg ,

- Waste Incinerators or full-blast ultrahigh-temperature combustion, annihilation and deactivation of all kinds of Wastes (incl. Toxic, Bio-Hazard, Nuclear) - powerplant.alle.bg
- MOH-Seebeck Gas-Electric Car/Generator Engine - times more effective than the Hydrogen Fuel Cell, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/moh-seebeck-gas-electric-car-engine-emil/
- MOH-Gas-Turbine-Generator Gas-Electric or Mechanical Engine, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/moh-gas-turbine-electric-semi-truck-emil/
- Hydrogen Fuel Cells, fueled by SOH gas at a cost, close to zero.
- Oxy-Hydrogen Pulse-Detonation and Implosion Aerospace Hypersonic and Rocket Engines - solargas.alle.bg/moh-aircraft, spaceship.alle.bg

- Spaceships, Space Stations, Space Settlements and Colonies, https://spaceship.alle.bg
- Graphene-Polymer Batteries for cars and else vehicles - charge-time in seconds, drive range over 1,000 miles, light weight, >100,000 cycles lifespan, low price.
- Hydrogen Modular Graphene Containers for safe lift-power for cargo and passenger Airship Crafts, "Flying Road" Airborne Transport Systems and for Geostat Stratospheric Satellite Platforms, https://airship.alle.bg , https://flyroad.alle.bg , https://hytube.alle.bg
- Gas-Generators for Welding, Soldering, Melting and Alloying all kind of Metals and Metal-Ceramic-Glass Composites. etc.

- MOH-Gas Implosion / Vacuum Bombs or Shells, for seizing large forest and else fires (as those in California happening at the moment). Could cover one or more acres of area, depending on its size, and could be dropped down from an airplane, chopper, drone, or shot by a cannon or a bazooka.

COLONIZING VENUS

applying the MOH Gas, Basalt/Zirconia-Fiber Composite and the Hydrogen-Container Airship Stratospheric Platform Technologies.

Planet Venus is the best planet from the Solar System for colonization.

First, it is the closest one to the Earth - about 40 million kilometers, compared to 50 million for Mars. Also, there is much frequent launch window (every 584 days), compared to the 780 days for Mars.

It is similar to Earth with its size - slightly smaller than Earth, which provides almost the same gravity - 0,9g, compared to the 0.38g on Mars.

It has thick, hot (500 deg.C) and acidic atmosphere with a deadly pressure of 1,000 bar on the surface, but with the perfect 1 bar and 27deg.C temp, at 50 km altitude. Also, there is a quasi-magnetic field and more layers of atmosphere above that altitude, which are perfect shield against the lethal cosmic radiation.

Venus is closer to the Sun which offers much more solar energy, which could be harnessed by PV-solar panels, than on the Earth's orbit.

The CO2 and H2SO4 - rich Venus's atmosphere will provide oxygen for breathing and hydrogen for water synthesis. Also, the CO2 will be needed for food-plants farm production.

The energy, needed for the long, 120-Earth's Venus's nights, and also the fuel for the Venus's aircraft, will be provided by our SOH / MOH Gas Power Plant.

All these conditions make the Venus's Tropo-Stratosphere a perfect place for human's living and colonization - so perfect, that humans could also work outside the ship even without specially pressurized and thermally-insulated suits.

There are strong winds at that altitude with speeds of about 350 km/h, but they won't be a problem because the human's colony will go with these winds and will stay synchronous and still, without any damage.

There could be giant cities floating aloft the Venus's atmosphere, by the help of large Hydrogen Airship Platforms, made of super-strong and lightweight Basalt-Fiber Textile, with high acid / oxidation and heat-resistance. Also, there is a project for 50 km-high Towers to be built on the Venus's surface, made of prefabricated assembly-modular Basalt-Composite elements, to be used as foundations for high-altitude human colonies 50km up in the skies.

Basalt Rock raw material will be mined on the Moon, where it is abundant . The Basalt-Composite Construction Elements will be also produced there, in underground factories, and then delivered by spaceships to the Venus. There is also enough water and oxygen on the Moon, and much more minerals, which will be needed for the Basalt mining and various products manufacturing.

Venus could be the best outpost some day, for building Interstellar Spaceship-Construction Bases .

Here is a video about the NASA's Project for the Venus's colonization.

https://youtu.be/0az7DEwG68A -- the NASA's VIDEO

https://youtu.be/gJ5KV3rzuag -- popular-explanation video

A 144-slide Power-Point Presentation :